2011 Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry

Dan Shechtman

for the discovery of quasicrystals

Economic Sciences

Thomas J. Sargent

for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy

Christopher A. Sims

for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy

Literature

Tomas Tranströmer

because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality

Peace

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work

Leymah Gbowee

for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work

Tawakkol Karman

for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work

Physics

Saul Perlmutter

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

Brian P. Schmidt

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

Adam G. Riess

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

Physiology or Medicine

Bruce A. Beutler

for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity

Jules A. Hoffmann

for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity

Ralph M. Steinman

for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity