1999 Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry

Ahmed H. Zewail

for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy

Economic Sciences

Robert A. Mundell

for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas

Literature

Günter Grass

whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history

Peace

Doctors Without Borders

in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents

Physics

Gerardus 't Hooft

for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics

Martinus J.G. Veltman

for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics

Physiology or Medicine

Günter Blobel

for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell