1981 Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry

Kenichi Fukui

for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions

Roald Hoffmann

for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions

Economic Sciences

James Tobin

for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices

Literature

Elias Canetti

for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power

Peace

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees

Physics

Nicolaas Bloembergen

for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

Arthur Leonard Schawlow

for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

Kai M. Siegbahn

for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy

Physiology or Medicine

Roger W. Sperry

for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres

David H. Hubel

for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system

Torsten N. Wiesel

for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system