1954 Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry

Linus Carl Pauling

for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances

Literature

Ernest Miller Hemingway

for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style

Peace

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world

Physics

Max Born

for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction

Walther Bothe

for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith

Physiology or Medicine

John Franklin Enders

for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue

Thomas Huckle Weller

for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue

Frederick Chapman Robbins

for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue