1949 Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry

William Francis Giauque

for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures

Literature

William Faulkner

for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel

Peace

John Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin Mearn

for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want, thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war

Physics

Hideki Yukawa

for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces

Physiology or Medicine

Walter Rudolf Hess

for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs

António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz

for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses