1945 Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry

Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method

Literature

Gabriela Mistral

for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world

Peace

Cordell Hull

for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations

Physics

Wolfgang Pauli

for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle

Physiology or Medicine

Sir Alexander Fleming

for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases

Ernst Boris Chain

for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases

Sir Howard Walter Florey

for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases